The article presents the results of the analysis of international legal regulation of the protection of freedom of speech, the right to freedom of expression within the UN and the Council of Europe. A comparative analysis of the definition of the right to express views and beliefs in various international legal acts was made. The case law of the European Court of Human Rights in cases related to the exercise of the right to express one's views and beliefs on the (...) Internet was considered. The analysis of the legislation of foreign countries regulating the right to express views and beliefs online was carried out. The materials of the article are of practical value for scientists and practitioners dealing with the issues of legal regulation of freedom of speech, the right to express views and beliefs, for forecasting and planning scientific research, improving legislation, for higher education teachers in educational activities, as well as for all interested persons. (shrink)

The article explores the unique, its essence and role in the development of types of rationality. The unique is explained as unrepeatable, which does not fit into the actual implemented reversibility, repeatability and cyclicality. This is a universal property that is inherent in the individual education and is expressed in the individual and unique elements, properties and relations. The purpose of the research is to reveal the unique as a scientific concept, apply it to the rationale for the processes of (...) changing types of rationality. The connection of the unique with a single, natural, indefinite, negation is revealed. Negation is presented as a form of thinking of a cognizing subject for the realities of scientific knowledge. Analysis of recent research and publications, initiated the solution of the problem of unique : use of the articles by authors G. Bashlyar, P. Burak, P. А. Vodopyanov, A. I. Zelenkov, V. H. Voronkova, O. P. Punchenko, I. Prigogine, I. Stengers, V. S. Stepin, L. P. Turkin and others. Research Methodology: general logical and theoretical research methods are used, representing their procedural adaptation to the solution of the problem. Unique in science is determined by the subject through its critical understanding of innovation, value context and essential for a given level of development of science. It is divided by type, depending on the scientific problems to be solved. Scientific novelty – unique is presented as a form of rationality movement, the moment of development of knowledge, it is also a test of knowledge for innovation, scientific character, clarification and their correlation. The types of rationality – classical, non-classical and post-non-classical – are identified and the role of the unique in their development and changes is clarified. Results of the research : on the analysis of the development of the natural sciences, it was proved that the change of types of rationality is associated with the growth of the innovative spirit of these sciences. Conclusions – the innovative potential constantly consisted in the damage to the stability of the old methodological principles that could not be adapted to the new discoveries. In classical rationality, unique principles were: unambiguity, clarity, obviousness; in non-classical – relativity, complexity, chance, complementarity; in the post-non-classical determining principles are steel: nonlinearity, chaos, self-organization, open systems, and more. The change of types of rationality gradually turned the unique from exceptions for natural science into its subject. (shrink)

Mykhailo Drahomanov was an outstanding scientist, philosopher and leader of Ukrainian national movement in the second half of the 19th century. He has communicated actively with the Eastern-Galician intellectuals in the fields of polical and cultural affairs during more than two decades. One of main directions of cooperation there were contacts in the sphere of inlightening. The most fruitful stage of M. Drahomanov's participation in educational life of Eastern Galicia is related to activity of Ruthenian-Ukrainian Radical Party, which was founded (...) in 1890. First of all M. Drahomanov has became an author of row of works for people. These were the articles for radical periodical "Khliborob" and the series of brochures. The only idea of scientist's popular heritage was the conception of human rights and freedoms - the social, political, national and religious ones - and the struggle for them. The leading members of RURP - S. Danylovych, I. Harasymovych, M. Pavlyk, K. Tryliovskyi, I. Franko, R. Yarosevych - helped M. Drahomanov for realization of his ideas, published and distributed his works among the Galician peasants. M. Drahomanov's popular heritage has been reprinted during the period of the late 19th - the first one third of 20th centiries not only in the Western-Ukrainian lands. (shrink)

У статті досліджено концепцію міфу у працях М. Еліаде. Визначено, що М. Еліаде розглядає міф як невід’ємний структурний компонент реальності культури, відмежовуючи його від «несправжніх» оповідей. Надана характеристика основних складових частин міфу у працях М. Еліаде. Доведено, що, згідно з концепцією М. Еліаде, міф повертає людину до витоків світу, відповідає її екзистенційним запитам, надає людині необхідні паттерни поведінки. Відзначається, що навіть після процесів деміфологізації, міф, яким його бачить румунський мислитель, продовжує відігравати ключову роль у житті людини, оскільки сприяє створенню важливих (...) традицій, політичних та релігійних течій, літературних творів і витворів мистецтва, а на індивідуальному рівні проявляється у вигляді фантазій та сновидінь. (shrink)

This article is dedicated to understanding the nature of conscience, its essential manifestations and features. Conscience is the “core” of a person’s moral life. The conscience acts activate and accumulate the internal energies of the person, which help him/her to be fully connected with the world and to carry out a thorough evaluation of both his/her actions and Others. Therefore, the phenomenon of conscience is inextricably linked to the freedom of a person and his/her efforts to exercise himself/herself as a (...) Human, to find his/her own inner voice. Despite its intimacy, conscience never closes within the limits of individual existence, but has unconditional openness to the world, is a keen awareness of responsibility for our actions. Conscience is a testament of the fact that, at a deep level, we are rooted in, and inextricably linked to, one Reality. As a result of critical analysis, it is argued that conscience emerges as an internal potentiality of a person, a continuous process of self-determination and formation. Conscience is dialectic in nature, combining internal/external, individual/social, subjective/objective, rational/irrational aspects. The complexity of the phenomenon is manifested in the attempts to symbolically identify it as Call, Witness, Demon, Worm, Judge, etc. Conscience is impossible outside the dialogue of the person with himself/herself and Others, because in the communication process the inner growth and formation of the person take place. Conscience defines a “coordinate system” within which a person’s life moves and divides the line between Good and Evil, Real and Ideal, Existent and Desired. Accordingly, conscience is ideal in essence and is an indispensable structure of human consciousness, linked to the boundary questions of a person regarding his/her own nature. (shrink)

The article is devoted to the S. Gogotskomu, outstanding Ukrainian philosopher. Proceedings Gogotskogo played a crucial role in spreading the philosophy of I. Kant in Ukraine.

The article explains the essence and architectonics of informatization and the constructivism of its impact on all spheres of social development. This process has contradictions related to the intensive development of new information technologies, modernization processes and their revolutionary influence on all spheres of public life. As a dialectical process, informatization is explained as a factor containing risks in the development of a scientific knowledge. These risks are associated with the informatization of the individual about the state of the information (...) resources of science which generates the process of amplification of foundation of the development of various forms of extra-scientific knowledge. Risk is characterized as a share of "bad" in "good", it is associated with subjectivism and destructivism in the interpretation of true scientific knowledge, its use in selfish interests. In the information age, technological development has led to the fact that attention has shifted from objectives to means. Not the search for truth but the solution of the status problems became the main thing. Attention is focused on the specific weight of the development of quasi-science and anti-science which consciously distort the idea of science about the essence of natural and social reality. Pseudoscience is explained as an intellectual activity of the subject, imitating scientific activity and not bringing increments of a new objectively true knowledge. The attention is on the formation of the psevdoequivalence of subject which leads to his spiritual disintegration and the loss him capacity to discern truth. The process of strengthening information cynicism in the public consciousness which is formed by modern informatization processes is disclosed. Information cynicism is presented as a form of worldview reflecting a nihilistic attitude to info-resources and forming a mistrust of the truth of any information including science-based. And as a result there is a real threat of falsification and speculation on modern but not very productive areas. (shrink)

У статті аналізуються шляхи формування екзистенціально-смисложиттєвих орієнтацій віруючих пізньопротестантських конфесій. Висвітлюються особливості екзистенціальних ситуацій в процесі цього формування. Порушено проблему, пов’язану з генетично-прогностичним аналізом пізньо-протестантських конфесій, що допомагає встановити картину їхнього розвитку. У вітчизняному науковому просторі немає напрацювань, які б безпосередньо пов’язувалися з екзистенціально-смисложиттєвими орієнтаціями представників згаданих конфесій. Автор доводить, що бажання уникнути смерті як стану цілковитого знищення націлює віруючого на формування екзистенціально-смисложиттєвих орієнтацій, які допомагають здійснити своє спасіння завдяки конкретним вчинкам, власній життєорганізації, що вимагають строгого дотримання віри та моралі.

The article deals with the genesis of the term "intelligentsia" within historical dimension, consideration of basic approaches and interpretation of this concept. The origins of the definition as well as its content in diverse historical periods are considered on the basis of a number of sources. The basic issues of contemporary discussion concerning an interpretation of the intelligentsia concept within the sphere of Ukrainian science and media are distinguished. The analysis of genesis and transformation of content of the intelligentsia definition (...) within historical dimension allows to make such conclusions. Firstly, a lack of clear and approved theory concerning the origins of intelligentsia concept has caused further mythologization of the latter. Eventually, some theses about history of the definition have become more popular and have complicated the view of a full picture. In particular, it applies to attribution of the authorship of this term to P. Boborykin and simultaneous disregard of evidences for a "Polish trace" in genesis of the term. Secondly, a view of content of the definition is deeply subjective in the contexts of personal perception and particular historical period. It makes a formulation of universal definition impossible. This circumstance causes the need for consideration of intelligentsia phenomenon within certain chronological or even geographical boundaries. A perception of the intelligentsia definition can became thereby a source for study of history of some period, country or nation. Finally, the author discerns such issues concerning an interpretation of the intelligentsia concept. The first issue deals with universality/specificity of the term, or it has a wider application?). The second one is the content of the concept in Russian Empire and USSR. The third issue concerns the relation of concepts "intelligentsia" and "the intellectuals". These circumstances make it difficult to study the topic, while actualizing the need for further balanced scientific research in this field. (shrink)

У статті на основі аналізу ролі загальнологічних методів та аналізу принципів причинності, інваріантності, збереження, симетрії та спостережуваності розкривається методологічний зміст об’єктивності. З’ясування філософського, зокрема онтологічного, змісту цих принципів стає основою їх регуляторної ролі в науковому пізнанні. Обґрунтовано релевантність принципу об’єктивності типу наукової раціональності. Показано релевантність принципу об’єктивності сучасному стану методологічної свідомості певної науки. Досліджено еволюційний вимір релевантності об’єктивності знання науковій раціональності. Показано значення суб’єктного виміру у функціонуванні методологічних трендів у сучасній науці. Суб’єктний вимір розкрито як когнітивний вимір виробництва знання. З’ясовано (...) його значення для становлення науки як когнітивної системи. (shrink)

У статті з позицій холістичого підходу на основі сучасних досягнень когнітивної науки висвітлюється когнітивна активність особистості. Показано обмеженість редукції когнітивної активності особистості до функціональних аспектів обробки інформації. Проаналізовано інформаційний і гетерофеноменологічний підходи до когнітивної активності особистості. Розглядається також когнітивна активність особистості в локусі пам’яті. Це дає можливість перейти від розгляду когнітивної активності як об’єкта моделювання, теоретичного та методологічного реконструювання до розробки її як основи відтворення цілісності й тотожності особистості самій собі в часовому вимірі.

У статті розглядається застосування репрезентацій у методологічній реконструкції еволюції систем знання. Доведено, зокрема, що перехід від лінгвістичного до когнітивного повороту в науці зумовлений запровадженням ментальної репрезентації. Проаналізовано різні напрями в її доcлідженні. З’ясовано, що вона постає як складова психічної реальності та її моделювання в науці. Перехід до методологічної реконструкції в еволюції систем знання вимагає розгляду репрезентації. Досліджено можливість застосування менталістських і феноменологічних розробок репрезентації у формах об’єктивного наукового знання. Показано, що в системах об’єктивного знання потрібно розглядати репрезентацію у вигляді ідеалізованої (...) предметності знання. Вона являє собою результат когнітивної активності людини у вигляді способу постання об’єкта в знанні. Запровадження ідеалізованої предметності дає змогу ввести в розгляд новий вид детермінації. Досі приділяли увагу детермінації об’єкта у знанні та її філософсько-категоріальним засадам. Ідеалізована предметність виявляє внутрішній вимір знання. Це дає можливість глибше розкрити відмінність знання від об’єкта й від ментальних станів суб’єкта. Досліджено еволюцію систем способу подання, представлення об’єкта в знанні на різних етапах розвитку наукової теорії. (shrink)

У статті розглядається введення когнітивного аспекту в дослідження комунікації. Обґрунтовано необхідність введення поняття «когнітивна комунікація». Показано, що когнітивна комунікація поєднує інформаційну та когнітивну взаємодії. Розробка когнітивної комунікації спирається на сучасні когнітивні дослідження. Когнітивні дослідження виявляють значення сполученості структурних та лінгвістичних змін у процесі комунікації. Розкривається значення структурованості в когнітивній комунікації, яка виявляє її процесуальність. На відміну від передачі повідомлень, що розкриває комунікацію як інформаційну взаємодію, когнітивна комунікація виявляє значення когнітивної взаємодії учасників у процесі здійснення комунікації. Виявляється незворотність когнітивної комунікації. Важливим (...) стає задіяння когнітивної складової учасників процесу, яке набуває форми гри. Різний ступінь задіяності когнітивних здатностей у процесі комунікації визначає її ефективність та успішність. Обґрунтовано необхідність нового розуміння когнітивної комунікації в науці. Введено в розгляд комунікацію через репрезентацію. Комунікація через репрезентацію об’єднує пізнавальну, когнітивну та інформаційну взаємодії. Комунікація через репрезентацію виявляє знаннєві, когнітивні передумови творення нового способу представлення об’єкта у знанні. Вона виявляє інтегральну сполученість пізнавальних дій учасників комунікації у сфері знання. Розкриваються особливості комунікації через репрезентацію в класичній та сучасній науці. (shrink)

The article deals with the metaphysics of cognitive processes in media reality formation. Metaphysics reveals being and nothingness. Processes and discourse practices are regarded as cognitive processes. There is a distinction between media reality, hyper reality and virtual reality. The relationship between reality and information processes is being explored. The metaphysics of media-reality influences the existence of man and society, touches upon the value foundations of being and introduces the way to transform them. The metaphysical dimension of cognitive processes opens (...) up new forms of media reality impact on society. It is considered to be an integrative form uniting the representatives of different groups in achieving a specific goal. (shrink)

The article analyzes the features of poetic reflection in the work of A. Krymsky in the relation "man-nature". Coverage of this problem in the conditions of postmodern philosophical discourse requires appropriate embeddedness in the national and cultural experience. Moreover, the poetry of A. Krymsky manifests the deep experiences of the Ukrainian man's ties with the natural world, which includes the actualization of the inner nature of man. The author seeks to "write out" the laws of the "moral constitution" according to (...) which a person is worthy of his purpose of being in nature "has the right" to love according to the vocation of his convictions, his needs and inclinations. On the one hand, the author seems to call us to abide by these "laws", but, on the other hand, his thoughts divert from such categoricalness into the space of "identity" and confessional repentance. As follows from the above, the dignity of a person consists in the awakening and strengthening of an independent, responsible, formed on the path of enriching the inner life of a spiritual personality and the search for a free egress. And in this, in fact, the highest value of the relevance of postmodern self-communication in the interpretation of the poetic work of A. Krymsky is developed. (shrink)

Ocherk 1. Voprosy ontologii -- Ocherk 2. Voprosy ėtiki i ėstetiki -- Ocherk 3. Voprosy gnoseologii i aksiologii.

Research on brain or cognitive/affective processes, culture, social interaction, and structural analysis are overlapping but often independent ways humans have attempted to understand the origins of their evolution, historical, and contemporary development. Each level seeks to employ its own theoretical concepts and methods for depicting human nature and categorizing objects and events in the world, and often relies on different sources of evidence to support theoretical claims. Each level makes reference to different temporal bandwidths (milliseconds, seconds, minutes, hours, days, months, (...) years, decades, and centuries) and focuses on different spatio-temporal activities and controlled and non-controlled stimulus conditions. Biological mechanisms and environmental pressures for survival simultaneously created a gradual intersection and enhancement of cognitive/affective skills, cultural practices, and changes in collaborative social interaction and communicative skills. The evolution of a given level of analysis is assumed to have been incremental and overlapping. These innovative and independent ways humans have learned to characterize their brain or cognitive/affective and social/economic/political life often depend on unexamined, representational re-descriptions or cognitive/affective and socio-cultural devices and forms of communication that facilitate the depiction of practices and beliefs we attribute to respondents or subjects and research colleagues. (shrink)

The article is devoted to the memory of Vyacheslav Semenovich Stepin and Nikita Nikolaevich Moiseev, whose multifaceted work was integrally focused on philosophical, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research of the key ideas and principles of universal human-dimensional evolutionism. Other remarkable Russian scientists V.I. Vernadsky, S.P. Kurdyumov, S.P. Kapitsa, D.S. Chernavsky worked in the same tradition of universal evolutionism. While V.I. Vernadsky and N.N. Moiseev had been the originators of that scientific approach, V.S. Stepin provided philosophical foundations for the ideas of those (...) remarkable scientists and thinkers. The scientific legacy of V.S. Stepin and N.N. Moiseev maintained the formation of a new quality of research into the philosophy of science and technology as well as into the philosophy of culture. This new quality is multidimensional and it is difficult to define unambiguously, but we presume the formation of those areas of philosophical knowledge as constructively oriented languages of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary co-participation of philosophy in the convergent-evolutionary development of scientific knowledge in general. In this regard, attention is paid to V.S. Stepin’s affirmations about non-classical nature of modern social and humanitarian knowledge. Quantum mechanics teaches us that the reality revealed through it is a hybrid construct, or symbiosis, of both mean and object of cognition. Therefore, the very act of cognitive observation constructs quantum reality. Thus, it is very close to the process of cognition in modern sociology and psychology. V.S. Stepin insisted that these principles are applicable to all complex selfdeveloping systems, and such are all “human-dimensional” objects of modern humanities. In all the phases of homeostasis changes, or crises, there is necessarily a share of chaos, instability, uncertainty in the selection process of future development scenarios, which is ineliminably affected by our observation. Therefore, a cognitive observer in the humanities should be considered as a concept of post-non-classical rationality, that is as an observer of complexity. (shrink)

Formulation of a general model of evolution is presented which is based upon the recognition of the ?biosocial? entity, that is the biosphere and human society, as a component?system. It can be demonstrated that the interactions of the components (moleculas, cells, organisms, ecosystems in the biological realms and people, artifacts and ideas in the societies) have replicative organization. We suggest an explanation for the spontaneous emergence of replicative function and organization, a process called autogenesis. During autogenesis, hierarchical levels of replicative (...) organization emerge and compartmentalization and convergence of replicative information occurs. Questions of the origin and evolution of life are discussed. The replicative paradigm can also be applied to the processes of cultural evolution, in which complex replicative networks of people, ideas, and man?made artifacts show all stages and phenomena of autogenesis. Finally, the present state of evolution of the whole global biosocial system is discussed. (shrink)

For the first time, the article analyses certain aspects of Russian poetry of the “Silver Age” in order to identify the rudiments or features which are characteristic of the postmodern creative paradigm. It is noted that a number of poets almost do not have any postmodernist tendencies. Despite the fact it is proved that postmodernism denies the personality-centric and aesthetically oriented concept of modernism, it nevertheless arose on the basis of modernism and has sharpened evolutionary features formulated in the first (...) half of the 20th century. The article aims to prove a hypothesis that arises in the authors during a preliminary perceptual reading of the poets` works of the “Silver Age”: in the early 20th century. Sporadically and consistently in individual authors can be observed irony, play, reconstruction and performance as precursor of postmodernist creative thinking. Specialties of the Russian poetry of the “Silver Age”, which directly correlate with postmodernist tendencies of the second half of the 20th century is not a description itself, but the realization of reality, ambivalence, as well as following the linguistic and figurative, conceptual, motive levels of gradual transitions between the paradigms of “symbolism – modernism” and “modernism – postmodernism”. The international significance of the article is that the material of one of the Eastern European literatures has proved the existence of postmodern features in the first half of the 20th century for the first time, which can serve as a deeper research in the field of literary typology, continuity; culturology and anthropology. (shrink)

This article examines the transformation of the labor market under the influence of informatization of society. It is noted that in the conditions of globalization and informatization of the nowadays a post-industrial society has been formed, in which information is a determining factor of production. New opportunities and challenges of the labor market in the conditions of information society development are analyzed. The informatization of society changes the conditions, nature and forms of work. Extensive digitalization, the use of cloud technologies (...) and artificial intelligence systems are displacing traditional forms of employment towards teleworking, which makes workers more mobile and able to optimize working hours. It is established that the spread of technology increases the efficiency of the recruitment and searching job processes. Informatization of society contributes to the creation of a digital labor market, which forms the demand and supply of information and computer technology workers. In the context of informatization of society, the labor market is characterized by an imbalance between supply and demand of labor due to structural changes in the economy. Among the challenges of the labor market are rising unemployment in the raw materials industries, robotics and automation of routine manual labor. The digitalization of the economy leads to the need to adjust government regulation of business and provide social guarantees for employees. It is noted that the informatization of society provides more benefits to the labor market than obstacles. Solving the problems it raises, promotes progress and economic development. (shrink)

V. C. Chappell; IV*—Stuff and Things, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 71, Issue 1, 1 June 1971, Pages 61–76, https://doi.org/10.1093/aristotelia.

Despite the so-called ‘paradigm wars’ in many social sciences disciplines in recent decades, debate as to the appropriate philosophical basis for research in business ethics has been comparatively non-existent. Any consideration of paradigm issues in the theoretical business ethics literature is rare and only very occasional references to relevant issues have been made in the empirical journal literature. This is very much the case in the growing fields of cross-cultural business ethics and undergraduate student attitudes, and examples from these fields (...) are used in this article. No typology of the major paradigms available for, or relied upon in, business ethics has been undertaken in the wider journal literature, and this article addresses that gap. It contributes a synthesis of three models of paradigms and a tabulated comparison of ontological, epistemological and methodological assumptions in the context of empirical business ethics research. The author also suggests the likely (and usually unidentified) positivist paradigm assumptions underlying the vast majority of empirical business ethics research published in academic journals and also argues for an increased reliance on less positivist assumptions moving forward. (shrink)

In this article, cognitivism is understood as the view that the engine of human (individual and collective) action is the intentional, dispositional, or other mental capacities of the brain or the mind. Cognitivism has been criticized for considering the essence of human action to reside in its alleged source in mental processes at the expense of the social surroundings of the action, criticism that has often been inspired by Ludwig Wittgenstein's later philosophy. This article explores the logical extent of the (...) critique of cognitivism, arguing that by positing collectively shared knowledge of criteria as the engine of human action many such critiques themselves display latent cognitivism. (shrink)

One of the main problems in effective model theory is to find an appropriate information complexity measure of the algebraic structures in the sense of computability. Unlike the commonly used degrees of structures, the structure degree measure is total. We introduce and study the jump operation for structure degrees. We prove that it has all natural jump properties (including jump inversion theorem, theorem of Ash), which show that our definition is relevant. We study the relation between the structure degree jump (...) (in the sense of Soskov) and the jump degrees of a structure (in the sense of Jockusch) and give necessary and sufficient conditions for their existence in the terms of structure degrees. We show some properties, distinguishing the structure degrees from the enumeration degrees. (shrink)

The research is aimed at outlining aspects of the influence of the achievements of the culture of the third information revolution on the formation of the young generation in the philosophical discourse of the French philosopher M. Serres, revealing the features of the achievements of the third information revolution of modern culture, in particular in the spatial, temporal and, in fact, human dimensions, their influence on the formation of personality of the “hopthumb”. The theoretical basis of the study is based (...) on culturological and anthropological aspects of the influence of information and computer technology on the formation of personality, human self-awareness in the modern world. The methodology of M. Serres is used in the work. The scientific novelty of the proposed article is the analysis of the philosophical and pedagogical achievements of the French philosopher M. Serres, in particular, argued the presence in the scientific heritage of a famous contemporary doctrine of special characteristics and features of the modern young man, which the author calls " hopthumb" against the background of the formation of a new space of culture. In addition, the study of the theoretical constants of M. Serres made it possible to outline the signs of the third information revolution, to generalize and actualize the philosophical reflection on the self-identification of the individual in the new conditions. Based on the analysis of the work of the modern philosopher, the connection between the rapid achievements of the information revolution and the culture of younger generations was revealed and understood. (shrink)